Genesis6:2

This is one of the most disputed passages in the Bible, and it revolves around the question, Who were the “sons of Elohim?” The phrase can refer to one of the following:

I. The descendants of Seth in contrast to the descendants of Cain OR, The righteous followers of God in contrast to evil men

II. The “mighty ones”

III. Angels

IV. A combination of options 1 and 2

First of all it is important to note that giants were very common before the flood. There were people who were very large and strong without having any physical problem associated with their size.

Let’s look at these in more detail.

I. If this interpretation is to be adopted, Gen 6:2 would read like this: “The male descendants of Seth saw that the female descendants of Cain were desirable, and they took as wives for themselves whomever they chose.”

How did such unions bring about the ruthless giants called Nephilim? The only possible answer is that these men who had previously been good, began to seek power and control and they found it by using extreme size to forcibly get what they wanted. In order to maintain that size in their families they had to seek wives who were also very large, hence they looked outside of their “group” to wherever they could find that size. This is the only way that this interpretation can bring about the Nephilim. The lesson in this case is that their corruption brought about the need for a world-wide flood.

The phrase “sons of Elohim” has usage elsewhere in Scripture with the meaning “followers of God.”

Here the emphasis would be on the heart, not on blood lines.

If this interpretation is to be chosen, Genesis 6:2 would be rendered: “The sons of the righteous saw that the daughters of the rest of humanity, i.e. the wicked, were desirable, and they took as wives for themselves whomever they chose.”

Interpretation I. fits the purpose and context better than any other. That is a huge element in its favor. If this is the correct meaning, then the problem arose when followers of God began to want power and control just like they saw others had, and thus became corrupted and began seeing the women that practiced ungodly lifestyles as desirable for their size and likely for their lascivious practices. They may have felt that they had no other choice, they “had to” marry giant women in order to keep up with others and not be pummeled into submission by the wicked giants. But in the process they gave up their godly principles. The lesson is to follow God even if it seems to ruin our chances of gaining an advantage among the humans we live with.

II. The word “Elohim” means “mighty ones.” There are a few times in Scripture when Elohim is used of entities other than God. Because it means “mighty one(s),” the term can refer to any entity that is mighty. God fits that description best, but a few others can, and are called mighty. It is sometimes used of angels, as we shall see under point #4, but it is also used of mighty men. Psalm 82:6 https://www.toughbiblestuff.org/verse/psalm-826/ uses the term Elohim of wicked, powerful men whom God will judge, showing himself to be the true judge, the true ruler.

See also Ex 21:6  https://www.toughbiblestuff.org/verse/exodus-216/

and Ex 22:9  https://www.toughbiblestuff.org/verse/exodus-229/ where the word Elohim is translated “judges.”

In Psalm 29:1  https://www.toughbiblestuff.org/verse/psalm-291/ it is translated “mighty ones,” although in this case it is unclear whether the mighty ones are angels or men. I prefer to think of it as men, that is why I have placed this Psalm in this category.

If we take this interpretation, the passage means that powerful, ruthless men, probably among the descendants of Cain, or among the ungodly, liked what they saw among the daughters of Seth, or among the righteous, and they began to take them by force to be their wives. When we read later about their offspring being the Nephilim we realize that it is likely that their power came from their size. There was nothing the righteous men could do to protect their daughters because these men were so powerful. This brought about a mixing of the two groups which previously had remained separate, and the mixing ended up producing a widespread corruption even in those who had been faithful to God.

If this interpretation is chosen, Genesis 6:2 could read like this: “The sons of the mighty ones saw that the daughters of the rest of humanity were good, and they took as wives for themselves whomever they chose.”

Why would the wicked giants want to forcibly take wives from the pious families. Why would the wicked giants want to take wives from others who were not like them, i.e not giants?

If this interpretation is the right one, the spiritual lesson here is that we need to resist evil even if it is a difficult task and even if there is great risk. The mixing by marriage of these two previously separated groups fomented the increase in corruption which necessitated the world-wide flood.

The problem in set 1a & 1b would be that they made choices to corrupt themselves, and in interpretation #2 the problem was that the righteous did not do enough to resist those who were corrupt and violent. I think interpretation 1b fits the purpose of the passage the best.

Another possibility within option #2 is that there were giants present among both the descendants of Seth and the descendants of Cain, but the “mighty ones” (giants) in view here are the giants among the Sethites. See option #4 for a description of this option.

III. The phrase “sons of Elohim” refers to angels. There are several passages of Scripture where the term “Elohim” is used of angels. For instance,

Job 1:6 https://www.toughbiblestuff.org/verse/job-16a/

and Job 38:7

https://www.toughbiblestuff.org/verse/job-387/

If this interpretation is followed, Genesis 6:2 would read like this: “The angels saw that the daughters of men were desirable and they took as wives for themselves whomever they chose.”

This method of interpretation is fraught with several serious problems.

1. This interpretation fails to indicate why God decided to stop striving to “govern” men (Gen 6:3), and it fails to explain how mankind became ungovernable and thus, deserving of punishment. It does not give us an explanation as to why corruption and violence had engulfed the entire world except one man and his family. In fact, if this is referring to angels, it seems to serve no purpose at all.
2. It violates the principle of reproduction in nature which always occurs “according to its kind;”

Genesis 6:2 clearly indicates that whoever they were, they took as wives whomever they chose. The picture being painted in this passage is one of “the sons of Elohim” marrying, bearing children and raising children, not just getting women pregnant.

Jesus clearly stated that Angels do not participate in marriage: “For in the realm of the resurrected they don’t get married, neither are they given in marriage by a father, rather they are like the angels of God in heaven” (Mt 22:30). He probably meant they do not marry among themselves, which leads us to believe it is even less likely with humans.

It violates John 3:6, “flesh gives birth to flesh and spirit gives birth to spirit”.

It violates I Corinthians 15:39, “All flesh is not the same,” meaning creatures have different DNA which does not allow for reproduction across certain lines. In order for angels to reproduce with human women they would need human DNA, making them humans, not angels. The only way for them to have human DNA is if God altered their make-up to include human DNA because we know they were created as spirit-beings, not as humans with human DNA. If God altered them by giving them our DNA, then He was complicit in wickedness, which is contrary to His character.

3. If the Nephilim were the children of demons and humans, How did they exist both before and after the flood without being on the ark? Genesis 6:4 says that “The Nephilim were on the earth in those days (and also after that),” meaning after the flood. Since they were not on the ark, does that mean that angels came down to marry human women again after the flood? No. The Bible does not even give any hint in that direction. The best answer is that they were humans that were great big bullies.
4. Such an interpretation is based on a highly questionable interpretation of the words “sons of Elohim.” Apart from the discussion about DNA, if they came to do something contrary to God’s will, they were no longer angels, but demons, and using the phrase “sons of Elohim” to refer to demons is questionable. Some people on the internet say “Elohim” can refer to any spirit being, including demons, but I don’t see that in any lexica I trust. In the Bible I have never seen “Elohim,” or “sons of Elohim,” used in a way that clearly refers to demons.
5. Whenever a theological position is established that rests solely on one verse of the Bible, there is a huge problem. If the interpretation of that one verse directly or indirectly contradicts the rest of Scripture, there is a huge problem. That is the case with seeing “sons of Elohim” in this passage as a reference to angels and saying that angels married women and had children by them. To the best of our understanding from Scripture, that’s just not the way things work. Therefore, we are obliged to ask ourselves, “Is there a different interpretation that is viable?”
6. If it were possible and true that angels had indeed been the fathers of the Nephilim, there is no spiritual lesson for us in this passage bringing rise to the question, “Why is it included in Scripture?” The other interpretations lend themselves to a spiritual lesson, but this one does not.

IV.  Is it possible that the people before the flood and shortly after the flood would have understood the phrase “sons of Elohim” as both the “the followers of God” and “the sons of the mighty ones?” If we asked an ancient Hebrew if this passage refers to the followers of God or to the sons of mighty ones, he might simply say “Yes.”

I envision that it happened like this. Some of the giants among the wicked (the descendants of Cain) started forcing others to submit to their will (the name Nephilim means to “bow down” possibly because they could force others to “bow down”), and so they became rulers over many people. Then the righteous people (the descendants of Seth) were threatened by, or began to experience the same forced subservience, so they appealed to the giants among their numbers to help protect them. The giants among the righteous quickly realized what the giants among the wicked had already learned, that for one giant to produce offspring of similar size he had to marry an equally large woman. Thus a competition was created for the women of great height and strength. However, if there were not as many large women among the descendants of Seth because they had not been marrying with that in mind, or because their population was smaller, the only place some of them could go to find giant women was to the Cainites (not Canaanites, but Cainites, descendants of Cain). Rather than being threatened by the idea, the Cainites likely saw such intermarriage as a way to infiltrate and influence the Sethites and possibly take them over without a major battle. Once they were intermarried, neither side would want to fight and kill off their own daughters. It appears from Cain’s initial response that, from the time of Cain’s expulsion from the Adam’s family, the Cainites had not liked the fact that they were forced to live separately, so a blurring of those lines by mixing the two groups through marriage seemed like a good idea to them. Meanwhile, the Sethites were only trying to catch up in size and thus keep from being subjugated against their will.

But the outcome was that once the Sethite leaders, who were mostly giants, began to marry Cainite women, they were not able to pass on godly principles to the next generation. This was a reality because the wife is a key part of educating the children, especially when everyone is using some method of homeschooling, as they likely were back then. So the gamble on the part of the Cainites paid off; they won without fighting a major military battle. But they did not win in the end, for God destroyed them all and started over with the one man who had refused to become corrupted, Noah, a Sethite.